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You should visit Peru for its rich cultural heritage, stunning natural landscapes, and diverse culinary experiences, including iconic sites like Machu Picchu, the Amazon rainforest, and the vibrant cities of Lima and Cusco.
Now, how to prepare such a trip? Here is 10 importants tips for your first trip to Peru :
Tip 1 - Plan to visit the important Sites
Peru is famous for its archaeological sites, such as Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley, and the Nazca Lines. It is advisable to plan and book these visits in advance, especially for Machu Picchu, as entry is limited.
On our side we went through a guided tour that took care of it. It was Alpaca Expedition (blog post to come about it :-)
Here are one of the main sites to visit in Peru :
Machu Picchu
One of the most iconic archaeological sites in the world, Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city nestled atop the Andes mountains and offers breathtaking panoramic views.
Cusco
Known as the "historic capital" of Peru, Cusco is a UNESCO World Heritage site and offers a mix of Incan and Spanish colonial architecture, charming streets, and vibrant markets.
The Sacred Valley
Situated near Cusco, the Sacred Valley is home to picturesque villages, Incan ruins, terraced agricultural sites, and traditional markets where you can experience the local culture.
Lake Titicaca
Shared between Peru and Bolivia, Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world and holds cultural significance as the birthplace of the Incas. Visiting the floating Uros Islands and Taquile Island is a must-do.
Nazca Lines
In the Nazca Desert, mysterious geoglyphs etched into the earth can be seen from the sky, taking various shapes including animals and geometric figures.
Lima
The capital city of Peru, Lima offers a mix of history, modernity, and gastronomy. Explore its historical center and visit the Larco Museum to learn about Peru's pre-Columbian history.
Arequipa
Known as the "white city" due to its stunning colonial buildings made from white volcanic stones, Arequipa's historic center is also a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Colca Canyon
Situated near Arequipa, the Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world and offers breathtaking views, hot springs, and the opportunity to spot Andean condors.
Amazon Rainforest
Explore the incredible biodiversity of the Amazon by embarking on a jungle tour from cities like Iquitos or Puerto Maldonado, offering opportunities to see wildlife, experience indigenous cultures, and explore the lush wilderness.
Huascaran National Park
Located in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range, this national park is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, with stunning snow-capped peaks, crystal-clear lakes, and hiking trails for all levels.
Tip 2 - Check the currency
The official currency of Peru is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). It is recommended to have local currency on hand for smaller purchases as not all places accept credit cards. ATMs are widely available, especially in larger cities.
As of January 2024, 1 Peruvien Sol = 0.25 euros
Extra tip 2.1 - Make sure you stay aligned with your budget along the way. Here are 8 Tips for Planning a Budget for your Next Trip: What to Include and How to Stay on Track
Tip 3 - Learn a little bit of Spanish
The official language of Peru is Spanish. While English may be spoken in tourist areas, it is beneficial to know a few basic Spanish phrases or carry a translation app to communicate with locals.
Here a few easy Spanish to know for your trip :
Hola (Hello)
Gracias (Thank you)
Por favor (Please)
¡Buenos días! (Good morning!)
¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)
Sí (Yes)
No (No)
Perdón (Excuse me, pardon)
Adiós (Goodbye)
¿Dónde está? (Where is...?)
Me llamo... (My name is...)
¿Cómo te llamas? (What's your name?)
¿Cuánto cuesta? (How much does it cost?)
Necesito ayuda (I need help)
Lo siento (I'm sorry)
¿Dónde está el baño? (Where is the bathroom?)
¿Puede hablar más despacio, por favor? (Can you please speak more slowly?)
No entiendo (I don't understand)
¿Qué hora es? (What time is it?)
¿Puede recomendarme un buen restaurante? (Can you recommend a good restaurant?)
Tip 4 - Stay safe
Peru has both safe and unsafe areas like any other country. It is advisable to be cautious, especially in crowded areas, and avoid showing off expensive belongings.
It is also recommended to use licensed taxis, be aware of your surroundings, and be cautious of pickpocketing in crowded areas. I was also recommend to use Uber.
Last but not least, some areas are safer than others (cf map below)
Tip 5 - Be aware of altitude sickness
Peru has various regions with high-altitude areas such as Cusco, Arequipa, and Puno. It is important to acclimate slowly to the altitude to prevent altitude sickness.
What is altitude sickness
Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a condition that can occur when ascending to high altitudes too quickly. It is caused by the decrease in oxygen levels and lower air pressure at higher elevations. Cusco, Peru is located at an altitude of around 3,400 meters (11,150 feet), which is considerably higher than sea level.
When ascending rapidly to high altitudes, the body may not have enough time to adjust to the change and adapt to the lower oxygen levels. This can lead to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, shortness of breath, and difficulty sleeping. Altitude sickness can affect anyone regardless of age, fitness level, or previous experience with high altitudes.
In Cusco, altitude sickness is common due to the rapid increase in elevation for tourists arriving from lower altitudes. The change in altitude can happen too quickly for the body to adjust, leading to the onset of symptoms. Furthermore, Cusco is often a starting point for travelers visiting Machu Picchu, which is at an even higher altitude than Cusco, further increasing the risk of altitude sickness.
How to prevent it or diminish altitude sickness
It is important to take precautions when traveling to high-altitude destinations like Cusco. Gradual acclimatization is crucial, allowing the body to adapt to the lower oxygen levels over time. It is recommended to spend a couple of days in Cusco before attempting any strenuous activities or further ascents to higher altitudes. Drinking plenty of water, chew coca leave, avoiding alcohol and heavy exercise, eating light meals, and considering medication like acetazolamide (under medical advice) can also help prevent and alleviate symptoms of altitude sickness.
Tip 6 - Check the weather
Peru's climate varies across regions. Coastal areas, like Lima, have a mild climate with moderate temperatures, while the Andean region can have cold nights and warm days. The Amazon region is generally hot and humid. It is advisable to research the specific weather conditions for your destination and pack accordingly.
Here are a few important things to bring (as a backpack travellers, it's my "must-have" list) :
The top 10 must have
you passport
power bank
adaptor
headlamp
padlock
earplug
drying towel
first aid kit
charger
toiletries
Extra tip : Find here my Ultimate Guide to prepare your backpack for a road trip, and How to master your backpack weight distribution for a road trip
Plenty of layers
Breathable clothes suitable for the climate in Peru. Don't forget essentials like underwear, socks, a hat, and a waterproof jacket.
Rain jacket
Comfortable Shoes
Peru involves a fair amount of walking and exploring. Carry comfortable walking or hiking shoes to handle different terrains.
Rain jacket and waterproof gear
It is advised to check the specific weather patterns and forecasts for your desired destinations in Peru when planning your trip. Pack appropriate rain gear, waterproof shoes, and extra protection for electronic devices. It's also a good idea to book accommodations and tours well in advance, especially if you're traveling during the peak rainy season.
Tip 7 - Check the vaccinations requirements
Before traveling to Peru, it is recommended to check with a healthcare professional regarding recommended vaccinations. This may include vaccines for hepatitis A and B, typhoid, yellow fever (if visiting the Amazon region), and others depending on the traveler's current vaccination history and the areas they plan to visit.
I usually look at the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) to have an idea of what I need.
Here is the page for Peru traveler's health
Tip 8 - Get to know how to get around
Peru has various transportation options, including buses, taxis, and domestic flights. Buses are the most common and affordable mode of transportation for intercity travel.
However, safety and comfort levels can vary, so it is recommended to choose reputable bus companies. Taxis should be booked through official taxi companies or apps. Domestic flights are available for longer distances and can save time if traveling between regions.
On our side we decided to go with the bus company Peru Hop (blog post in progress), to talk about our experience.
Tip 9 - Embrace the cultural etiquette
Peruvian culture has its own set of customs and etiquette. It is polite to greet people with a handshake and make eye contact. Tipping is customary in restaurants, and 10-15% of the bill is generally considered appropriate.
Dressing modestly when visiting religious sites is also appreciated.
Tip 10 - Try as much typical food and drink as you can
Peru is known for its diverse cuisine, including popular dishes like ceviche, lomo saltado, and causa. We recommend to try local specialties but also be cautious with street food to avoid any belly issues. It is advisable to drink bottled or filtered water, especially in more rural areas. Here are a few specialities :
Ceviche
A popular dish made from raw fish or seafood marinated in lime juice (leche de tigre), along with onions, chili peppers, and herbs. It is typically served with corn and sweet potato.
Lomo Saltado
A stir-fried beef dish that combines marinated beef, onions, tomatoes, and French fries. It is often served with rice and is a fusion of Chinese and Peruvian flavors.
Anticuchos
Grilled skewers of marinated meat, usually made from beef heart, served with potatoes and a spicy peanut sauce. They are a staple of Peruvian street food.
Pollo a la Brasa
Roasted chicken marinated in a blend of spices and herbs, typically served with French fries and a tangy green sauce.
Papa a la Huancaina
Boiled yellow potatoes served with a creamy and spicy cheese sauce made from aji amarillo (yellow chili peppers
To finish, let me give you a glimpse of the History of Peru
Brief history of Peru
The history of Peru is rich and fascinating. From the glorious Inca empire to Spanish colonization, independence, and political upheavals, the country has experienced a complex evolution over the centuries.
The pinnacle of Peruvian history is the Inca Empire, which ruled the region before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. The Incas managed to build a vast empire that stretched from present-day Ecuador to Bolivia, with impressive architectural achievements like the majestic citadel of Machu Picchu.
However, in 1532, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire, establishing Spanish colonial rule in Peru. This marked the beginning of a period of Spanish domination that lasted nearly three centuries.
Toward the late 18th century, revolutionary ideas from Europe inspired Peruvians to seek their independence. In 1821, General José de San Martín arrived in Peru and proclaimed the country's independence, ending Spanish rule. However, the consolidation of independence was achieved only after years of struggle and wars of independence.
Since then, Peru has gone through periods of political stability interspersed with authoritarian regimes and social unrest. The country is also known for its great cultural diversity, with indigenous, Spanish, African, and Asian influences shaping its society and cuisine.
Today, Peru is a popular tourist destination, offering visitors the opportunity to explore its rich historical and cultural heritage through archaeological sites, museums, and traditional festivals.
I hope that you found this article useful before traveling to Peru.
Our last bonus tip : enjoy each minutes of your trip in Peru!